Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the brain and spinal cord, that involves an immune-mediated process in which the body’s immune system (particularly T cells) abnormally turns on against the central nervous system. The exact trigger or target that the immune system is trying to attack, remains unknown and there currently is no cure. It is thought that environmental factors can predispose a person who is genetically susceptible to develop MS.

In MS, the immune system preferentially attacks the fatty sheath around nerves called myelin, as well as the nerve fibres themselves. The damage leaves scar tissue called sclerosis, and because of this variable damage that can occur at various parts of the brain and spinal cord, a mixture of symptoms are experienced.

Common symptoms include temperature-mediated fatigue, tremors, visual disturbances, sensory changes and difficulties with balance or coordination. Reduced voluntary coordination in movement is called ataxia. Others may also exhibit increased tone and spasticity. Physio for multiple sclerosis is one of the options used for treating the condition.

There are 4 types of MS:

Relapse-Remitting

This type is characterised by clearly defined “attacks” that result in a sudden reduction in neurological function called relapses. This is followed by partial or complete recovery of symptoms called remission periods. Most people diagnosed with MS are in this category.

Secondary-Progressive

This type usually follows on after a Relapse-Remitting course. Neurological function begins to take on a more predictable and progressive course without any periods of remission.

Primary-Progressive

This type is characterised by a gradual worsening of neurological function from the start, and may have periods of mild improvement or greater than expected worsening, without distinct periods of remission.

Progressive-Relapsing

The rarest of the four types, this type presents with worsening of neurological function from the start, but punctuated by distinct relapses on a background of gradual decline in function without remission.

Common challenges:

Fatigue
Patchy sensory changes
Altered muscle tone
Muscle weakness
Reduced bladder and bowel control
Difficulties with vision, hearing or sense of balance
Postural imbalances
Reduced coordination
Slowed thinking
Bladder and bowel dysfunction
Difficulties with walking and running

The role of a neurological physiotherapist in MS:

Neurological physiotherapists are physiotherapists with additional training and expertise in treating problems related to the brain, spinal cord, inner ear and nerves. Neurological physiotherapists apply their neuroscience knowledge to assess the physical aspects that are affected by MS, so as to individualise a treatment strategy and approach that would enable the person to change their movement behaviour through physio for multiple sclerosis.

Physio for multiple sclerosis includes different exercises that help strengthen muscles and enhance your balance and coordination. Though, we always recommend seeking advice before your multiple Sclerosis physiotherapy.

With specific attention given to the person’s thinking abilities and fatigue, physio for multiple sclerosis involves lifestyle recommendations and includes an array of interventions such as hydrotherapy, home exercises and gym programs to maximise the individual’s capacity to maintain their physical abilities for as long as possible.

What our skilled therapists trained in multiple sclerosis rehabilitation can offer:

Thoroughly assess the individual’s neurological systems to determine current and predicted abilities
Design a personalised neurological rehabilitation program that is holistic and considers the 24-hour routine
Provide hands-on treatment to teach the individual how to move better or more efficiently
Provide advice on facilitating a healthy lifestyle and identification of factors that may improve an individual’s daily life
Meet you at your home, gym or pool in our northern, eastern, southeastern and bayside suburbs of Melbourne to maximise therapy gains outside the clinic
Provide advice on facilitating skill development and transfer into the individual’s daily life and education to caregivers
Review and prescribe equipment that you may need
Liaise with the other health professionals or funding bodies (i.e. NDIS) as required to assist in your rehab and/or health and well-being
Write NDIS reports as required to advocate for your health and capacity building
Therapy may be aided by our therapy assistants who are responsible for working with you and your physiotherapist to deliver the treatment laid out in your plan.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is multiple sclerosis?

Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic condition that affects the central nervous system, leading to a wide range of symptoms. It involves an immune-mediated process in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in the central nervous system.

How is multiple sclerosis diagnosed?

Multiple Sclerosis is diagnosed through a combination of methods, including neurological exams, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), spinal fluid analysis, and sometimes blood tests. These help to identify characteristic patterns of nerve damage indicative of MS.

What causes multiple sclerosis?

The exact cause of Multiple Sclerosis is unknown, but it is believed to involve genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and possibly a viral trigger that together lead to an autoimmune response damaging the myelin sheath in the central nervous system.

Are there different types of multiple sclerosis?

Yes, there are several types of Multiple Sclerosis, including Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS), Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS), Primary Progressive MS (PPMS), and Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS), each characterized by different patterns of symptom progression.

Can multiple sclerosis be cured?

Currently, there is no cure for Multiple Sclerosis, but there are treatments available that can help manage symptoms, reduce relapses, and slow the progression of the disease. Treatment plans are tailored to the individual’s specific needs and may include medication, rehabilitation, and lifestyle adjustments.

What are the common symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis can vary widely but often include fatigue, difficulty walking, numbness or weakness in one or more limbs, electric shock sensations with certain neck movements, tremor, lack of coordination, and problems with vision.

How is multiple sclerosis treated?

Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis may involve disease-modifying therapies to slow disease progression, medications to manage relapses and symptoms, physical therapy to maintain mobility, and lifestyle changes to enhance overall health and well-being. Exercise has been shown to have neuro-protective effects as well which can assist with delaying progression of symptoms.

Can lifestyle changes impact the course of multiple sclerosis?

Yes, lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, stress management, and avoiding smoking can positively impact the course of Multiple Sclerosis by improving overall health and potentially reducing the frequency and severity of relapses.

Is multiple sclerosis hereditary?

While Multiple Sclerosis is not directly inherited, having a family member with MS can increase an individual’s risk of developing the disease, indicating a genetic predisposition to MS.

Can people with multiple sclerosis lead active lives?

Absolutely. Many people with Multiple Sclerosis continue to lead active, fulfilling lives with the right management and support. It’s essential to work closely with healthcare providers to develop a comprehensive care plan tailored to individual needs and capabilities.