Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umbrella term for a group of disorders affecting physical ability that is a result of brain injury during pregnancy, at birth or shortly after birth (less than 2 years). The injury associated with CP is permanent and generally does not worsen itself, however the physical impairments can change. Cerebral palsy physiotherapy is one of the treatments widely used to cure the condition.

Physical difficulties include impaired postural control, balance, coordination, strength, sensation and proprioception (movement awareness). Non-physical difficulties include impaired speech, hearing, learning, vision and intellect. Epilepsy is also common in people with CP. Cerebral palsy can affect both legs (diplegia), an arm and a leg on the same side (hemiplegia) or all 4 limbs (quadriplegia).

Types of Cerebral Palsy

Spastic – characterised by stiffness and jerky movements because of a disrupted balance between muscle groups.
Dyskinetic – characterised by variable movement beyond a person’s control
Ataxic – characterised by movement that is poorly coordinated or clumsy.
Mixed – characterised by a mixture of motor control problems

Common challenges:

Difficulty with moving independently
Hyperextending big toe (pointing upwards) or knees
Excessive toe clawing (pointing downwards)
Toe walking or walking without heels on the ground
Scissoring gait
Altered perceptual abilities and spatial awareness
Difficulty manipulating objects
Spasticity
Difficulty with communication and speech
Difficulty with cognition and learning
Behavioural problems

The role of a paediatric or adult neurological physiotherapist in cerebral palsy:

Numerous physicians recommend cerebral palsy physio for treatment. Evidence shows that the physical difficulties faced by individuals with cerebral palsy can be improved with physiotherapy. Neurological physiotherapists are physiotherapists with additional training and expertise in treating problems related to the brain, spinal cord, inner ear and nerves.

As cerebral palsy effects continue into adulthood, it is important to consider the therapists’ experience in dealing with the effects of cerebral palsy as they transition across the lifespan, and we are one of very few services in Melbourne who provide neurological physiotherapy services for children and adults.

With skills in changing motor behaviour, muscle tone and optimising for function, neurological physiotherapists can provide a wealth of knowledge in helping people with cerebral palsy navigate the appropriate services as well as provide direct therapy for specific goal achievement. This may be in the form of intensive therapy or educating carers to provide therapy support for meaningful activities. Our cerebral palsy physiotherapy services can also be tailored to your unique needs.

What our skilled therapists can offer:

Deeply understand the individual’s movement difficulties
Assess the complexity of posture and functional abilities, and how to promote greater participation and long term health
Review current supports and equipment for cerebral palsy physio
Design a personalised neuro rehab program that is holistic and considers the 24-hour routine
Provide hands-on treatment to teach the individual how to move better or more efficiently
Liaise with the individual’s network (e.g. work, or care team) as appropriate
Reduce the impact of secondary effects of ageing on function
Meet you at your home, gym or pool in our northern, eastern, southeastern and bayside suburbs of Melbourne to maximise therapy gains outside the clinic
Utilise our Allied Health Assistants to increase therapy frequency when intensive periods are required, to allow optimal functional outcomes.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is cerebral palsy?

Cerebral Palsy is a neurological disorder that affects movement, muscle tone, and posture. It’s caused by damage to the developing brain, often before or within 2 years of birth. Each person with CP experiences it uniquely, with varying degrees of physical disability.

What causes cerebral palsy?

Cerebral Palsy is caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control sensation, cognition or movement. This can happen before, during, or shortly after birth due to factors like infections, lack of oxygen, or trauma.

Are there different types of cerebral palsy?

Yes, Cerebral Palsy is categorized based on the type of movement disorder and the body parts affected. It may be termed quadriplegic, diplegic, triplegic or hemiplegic. The main types include spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic, and mixed CP, each presenting with distinct characteristics.

Can cerebral palsy be cured?

There is no cure for Cerebral Palsy, but treatment and therapy can help manage symptoms, improve mobility and function, and enhance quality of life. Early intervention and personalized care plans are crucial.

What are the early signs of cerebral palsy?

Early signs include delays in reaching motor skill milestones, variations in muscle tone, excessive drooling, difficulties with feeding and swallowing, and favouring one side of the body.

How is cerebral palsy diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves observing a child’s development and movement. Medical professionals may also use brain imaging techniques like MRI or CT scans to look for abnormalities in the brain’s structure.

What treatments are available for cerebral palsy?

Treatments include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, medication to manage and improve symptoms like weakness, spasticity and reduced range of movement from muscle tightness or shortness, and sometimes surgery to correct anatomical abnormalities or release tight muscles.

How does cerebral palsy affect daily life?

The impact varies widely. Some individuals may require minimal support, while others might need assistance with most daily activities. With the right support, many people with CP lead fulfilling lives.

Can adults have cerebral palsy?

Yes, Cerebral Palsy is a lifelong condition. Adults with CP may face additional challenges, including increased pain, mobility issues, and social or emotional concerns, which can be managed with ongoing support and care.

Where can a patient find support for cerebral palsy?

Support can be found through healthcare providers, Cerebral Palsy advocacy groups, and community services. These resources can offer valuable information, support networks, and access to therapies and adaptive equipment.